Pigmentation refers to the coloration of the skin, hair, or other tissues in the body due to the presence of pigment-producing cells called melanocytes. Melanocytes produce melanin, the pigment responsible for giving skin its color. The amount and distribution of melanin in the skin determine its tone and hue.

Pigmentation can affect any part of the body, including the face, hands, arms, and legs. While some forms of pigmentation are benign and purely cosmetic, others may be associated with underlying health conditions or pose health risks, particularly if they are irregular in shape, size, or color.